He was born in Hämeenlinna (Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire). He is one of the most prominent representatives of late Romanticism and an innovator of musical forms in Finnish music. Among the composer's many works, especially well known and frequently performed are his seven symphonies, the symphonic poems "Finlandia" (Op. 26, 1899) and "Kullervo" (Op. 7, 1892), the "Karelia" Suite (Op. 11, 1893) and the Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (Op. 47, 1903/1905). He died in Finland.