Nikol Galanterian was born in the city of Akn (Western Armenia). During the massacres of 1894–1896, he suffered the tragic loss of most of his family; only he, his mother, and his sister survived. From 1900 to 1903, he studied at the Gevorkian Seminary in Etchmiadzin in the class of Komitas Vardapet. During this period, he also studied the violin and guitar, as well as the traditions of Armenian music. Galanterian taught singing at Armenian schools in Shumen, Varna, and Tehran, and in 1910, he worked in Tbilisi. From 1911 onwards, he resided in Tehran. In 1925, he founded and served as the choirmaster of the "Goghtan" choir (renamed the "Galanterian" choir in 1942). Nikol Galanterian passed away in Isfahan, Iran.